Headache and Pain Research

Review Articles

The Hidden Risks of Medication Underuse in Migraine Progression: Heui-Soo Moon, Pil-Wook Chung; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(3):209-217. Published online October 23, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2025.0019

214 View
12 Download

Abstract PDF: Migraine is a progressive neurological disorder in which inadequate treatment can lead to chronification. For decades, clinical attention has centered on medication overuse headache (MOH) as the primary iatrogenic risk factor for this progression. However, medication underuse (MU) has emerged as a critical yet less established framework for understanding gaps in migraine care. This review reframes MU, which includes ineffective therapies, delayed administration, and non-adherence due to intolerability, as an active contributor to disease progression. Untreated or undertreated migraine attacks promote the development of central sensitization, a state of neuronal hyperexcitability that increases attack frequency, severity, and treatment resistance. This paper posits that MU and MOH are not opposing concepts but interconnected manifestations of suboptimal disease management. Specifically, disease progression driven by MU can directly precipitate the escalating medication use that characterizes MOH, resulting in a more refractory clinical state. Therefore, preventing chronification requires a paradigm shift from merely avoiding overuse to achieving optimal use. This entails adherence to evidence-based guidelines for both acute and preventive therapy—implementing stratified acute care within the neurobiological window to prevent central sensitization and initiating timely preventive treatment in eligible patients to reduce the overall attack burden. The integration of novel targeted therapies provides new opportunities to overcome the limitations of traditional agents. Ultimately, reducing the risks associated with MU through proactive, evidence-based management and strong patient–clinician communication is essential to alter the natural history of migraine and prevent the long-term disability associated with its progression.

Interictal Burden of Migraine: A Narrative Review: Soo-Kyoung Kim, Todd J. Schwedt; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(3):200-208. Published online October 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2025.0018

210 View
7 Download

Abstract PDF: Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder associated with substantial disability and societal costs. Traditionally, research and clinical care have focused on the ictal phase, characterized by headache and accompanying symptoms. However, growing evidence suggests that a considerable portion of migraine-related disability occurs between attacks, known as the interictal burden (IIB). IIB encompasses a wide spectrum of cognitive, emotional, sensory, and functional impairments that persist during headache-free periods, including fatigue, allodynia, photophobia, cognitive dysfunction, anticipatory anxiety, and social withdrawal. These symptoms can markedly reduce quality of life, work productivity, and family functioning, even in individuals with infrequent attacks. In a descriptive survey of 506 migraine respondents, 67% experienced severe IIB. The effects of IIB extend beyond patients themselves, contributing to presenteeism in the workplace and imposing emotional and logistical strain within families. Several instruments, including the Migraine Interictal Burden Scale (MIBS-4), Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ v2.1), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), have been employed to assess different dimensions of IIB. Nonetheless, no single comprehensive and standardized tool fully captures the multidimensional nature of IIB. Recognizing and addressing IIB is essential for delivering holistic, patient-centered migraine care. Future research should focus on developing validated assessment instruments and incorporating IIB measures into clinical trials and routine practice to better understand and alleviate the hidden burden of migraine.

Gepants for Migraine: An Update on Long-Term Outcomes and Safety Profiles: Soohyun Cho, Kimoon Chang; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(3):184-192. Published online October 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2025.0012

3,801 View
32 Download

Abstract PDF: Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists, also referred to as gepants, represent a transformative advancement in migraine pharmacotherapy, providing both acute and preventive treatment options without the vasoconstrictive limitations of triptans. Since their initial approval in 2019, gepants have gained widespread clinical adoption, necessitating comprehensive evaluation of their long-term safety and efficacy. This review synthesizes current evidence on four calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists (rimegepant, atogepant, ubrogepant, and zavegepant) derived from pivotal trials, open-label extension studies, and real-world observational data. Rimegepant demonstrates sustained efficacy and minimal adverse events over 52 weeks, with no evidence of medication-overuse headaches or hepatotoxicity. Atogepant maintains progressive clinical benefits and favorable tolerability for up to 1 year, exhibiting low rates of treatment-emergent adverse events and discontinuation. Ubrogepant remains effective and well-tolerated during long-term intermittent use, with no clinically significant safety signals over extended exposure. Zavegepant, the first intranasal gepant, shows promising long-term tolerability, with the most frequently reported localized adverse event being transient dysgeusia. No consistent hepatic, cardiovascular, or serious systemic toxicity has emerged for any of the agents, and discontinuation rates due to adverse events remain consistently low. Current evidence supports gepants as safe and effective therapies for long-term migraine management, although ongoing surveillance and extended-duration studies remain essential to fully characterize their safety profile, particularly in high-risk populations and combination therapy scenarios. In conclusion, gepants offer a well-tolerated, non-vasoconstrictive alternative for migraine patients who require sustained treatment, representing a significant therapeutic advancement in migraine.

A Practical Approach to Headache in Moyamoya Disease: Mi-Yeon  Eun, Jin-Man Jung, Jay Chol Choi; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(3):173-183. Published online October 17, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2025.0011

289 View
8 Download

Abstract PDF: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disorder of the intracranial internal carotid arteries characterized by fragile collateral vessel formation. Although ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are the most widely recognized manifestations of MMD, headaches are common, often disabling, and remain underacknowledged. Epidemiological studies report headache in 17%–85% of MMD patients, with particularly high rates among pediatric patients. Clinically, headache phenotypes are diverse and include migraine-like headaches with or without aura, tension-type, cluster, and hemiplegic variants. These presentations often overlap with primary headache disorders, complicating the diagnosis and sometimes delaying the recognition of underlying MMD. The pathophysiology of MMD-related headaches is multifactorial, involving vascular stenosis, abnormal collateral circulation, altered hemodynamics, and neurogenic inflammation. Chronic hypoperfusion may lower the threshold for cortical spreading depression, contributing to migraine-like or aura-associated symptoms. Surgical revascularization has been reported to alleviate headaches in both pediatric and adult patients, but persistent or new headaches may occur postoperatively, and long-term outcomes remain inconsistent. Management often involves general analgesics such as acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but vasoconstrictive agents (e.g., triptans and ergotamines) should be avoided. Lasmiditan, a non-vasoconstrictive 5-HT1F agonist, may represent a safer option for acute treatment, while the efficacy of other pharmacological agents remains unclear due to limited evidence. In conclusion, headaches in MMD are not only a frequent source of disability but also a potential clinical marker of disease activity. Wider recognition of their epidemiology, phenotypes, and mechanisms may improve the diagnosis, guide individualized treatment, and ultimately enhance quality of life for patients.

Original Articles

Clinical Characteristics of Migraine and Serum Beta-Endorphin Levels in Undergraduate Students in Osun State, Nigeria: Adebimpe Ogunmodede, Ahmed Idowu, Ahmad Sanusi, Uchenna Eke, Akintunde Adebowale, Michael Fawale, Morenikeji Komolafe; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(2):162-170. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2025.0006

2,237 View
13 Download

Abstract PDF: Purpose: Migraine is a common neurological disorder diagnosed using the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD). Beta-endorphin has pain-reducing properties and may serve as a future prognostic marker for migraine. This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of migraine and compare serum beta-endorphin levels in migraine patients and healthy controls among young undergraduate students.
Methods
This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Fifty participants with migraine headaches were recruited using purposive sampling according to the ICHD-3 criteria. Healthy controls were recruited using convenience sampling and matched for age and sex. A study questionnaire was administered to all participants. Serum beta-endorphin concentrations in both migraineurs and healthy controls were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The beta-endorphin levels between migraine patients and healthy controls were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
A total of 12 males and 38 females were recruited in both groups.The most commonly used medication for acute migraine treatment was paracetamol, while amitriptyline was the most frequently used prophylactic. Median serum beta-endorphin levels were significantly lower in the migraine group, at 385.4 pg/mL (328.5–423.4 pg/mL), compared to the control group, at 442.9 pg/mL (357.5–477.6 pg/mL) (p=0.01).
Conclusion
Serum beta-endorphin levels were significantly lower in young adults with migraine, suggesting a potential role for reduced endogenous analgesia in migraine pathophysiology. This supports the potential utility of beta-endorphin as a prognostic biomarker for migraine.

Validity of Migraine Diagnoses in Korean National Health Insurance Claims Data: Yoonkyung Chang, Soyoun Choi, Byung-Su Kim, Tae-Jin Song; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(2):154-161. Published online June 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2025.0004

2,465 View
20 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose: Accurate case identification using administrative datasets relies on diagnostic coding, yet these codes’ accuracy for migraine remains uncertain. This study aimed to validate the diagnostic accuracy of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) codes for migraine, migraine without aura (MOA), and migraine with aura (MA) in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 500 patients (migraine [G43.X], 200; MOA [G43.0], 200; MA [G43.1], 100) from secondary and tertiary hospitals between January 2019 and December 2024. Diagnoses confirmed by headache specialists using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition served as the gold standard. Validation metrics included the positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and the kappa statistic. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed based on ICD-10 claim frequency and improved by combining diagnostic codes with prescriptions for migraine medications.
Results
A single ICD-10 claim had a PPV of 74.00%. Accuracy improved significantly with increased claim frequency (≥3 claims: PPV, 81.14%; sensitivity, 98.61%; specificity, 28.26%), particularly when combined with medication prescriptions (≥3 claims with medication: PPV, 94.96%; sensitivity, 91.87%; specificity, 85.37%). MOA (≥3 claims with medication: PPV, 95.20%) and MA (≥3 claims with medication: PPV, 93.65%) showed similar trends. Excellent inter-rater reliability was observed (kappa, 0.806–0.951), with no significant accuracy differences between hospitals.
Conclusion
Employing multiple claims and prescriptions improved the accuracy of migraine diagnoses using ICD-10 codes, supporting the use of this method in epidemiological studies and health policy decisions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Toward Precision Migraine Care: Genetics, Symptoms, and Big-Data-Driven Approaches
Soo-Jin Cho
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(3): 171. CrossRef

Review Articles

Vestibular Migraine: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management: Byung-Kun Kim; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(2):106-115. Published online June 11, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2025.0001

16,553 View
236 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Vestibular migraine (VM) remains a clinical challenge due to its heterogeneous presentation and the frequent absence of typical migraine features during vestibular episodes. Although many studies have adopted the diagnostic criteria defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), interpretation of findings is often complicated by variability in how these criteria are applied across studies. VM is frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, owing to its clinical overlap with other vestibular disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for VM. Particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing VM from other causes of vertigo to support accurate diagnosis and tailored management. By synthesizing current evidence, this review aims to improve clinical recognition, diagnostic precision, and therapeutic outcomes for patients with this under-recognized and often debilitating condition.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Toward Precision Migraine Care: Genetics, Symptoms, and Big-Data-Driven Approaches
Soo-Jin Cho
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(3): 171. CrossRef

Genetic Architecture of Migraine: From Broad Insights to East Asian Perspectives: Joonho Kim, Min Kyung Chu; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(2):116-129. Published online May 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2025.0003

3,823 View
32 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with a strong genetic component, ranging from rare monogenic forms, such as familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), to common polygenic migraine. FHM is primarily caused by mutations in CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A, which affect ion channel function and cortical excitability. Additional genes, including PRRT2, have also been implicated, broadening the genetic landscape of monogenic migraine. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple susceptibility loci for common migraine, highlighting key pathways related to neuronal excitability and vascular function. These findings have reinforced the neurovascular hypothesis of migraine pathogenesis. GWAS on other headache disorders, such as broadly defined headache or cluster headache, have also revealed both overlapping and distinct genetic risk factors. Genetic studies in East Asians have identified both ancestry-specific risk variants and overlapping loci with European populations, suggesting similarities in biological pathways while also highlighting population-specific differences in migraine susceptibility. Expanding research on the genetics of migraine in East Asian populations is essential for uncovering novel risk factors and improving the generalizability of genetic findings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Toward Precision Migraine Care: Genetics, Symptoms, and Big-Data-Driven Approaches
Soo-Jin Cho
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(3): 171. CrossRef

Original Article

Premonitory Symptoms in Migraine: Implications for Disease Burden and Cognitive Impairment, with Some Promising Answers: Utku Topbaş, Bahar Taşdelen, Nevra Öksüz Gürlen, Aynur Özge; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(2):130-141. Published online May 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0031; Correction in: Headache Pain Res 2025;26(3):232

4,508 View
41 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose: This study evaluated the prevalence and impact of premonitory symptoms (PS) in people with migraine, assessing their influence on disability, cognitive function, and quality of life.
Methods
In a cross-sectional analysis at Mersin University Hospital, 186 migraine patients were interviewed to identify the presence of PS, using a structured questionnaire that included measures of disability (Migraine Disability Assessment Scale or MIDAS), quality of life (European Health Impact Scale or EUROHIS-8), and cognition (Migraine Attack Related Subjective Cognitive Scale or Mig-SCOG). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, the t-test, and the Mann-Whitney U-test, with a significance threshold set at p<0.05.
Results
Among participants, 74.7% reported one or more PS, with the most common being neck stiffness (64.7%), photophobia (56.8%), fatigue (52.8%), and phonophobia (50.3%). Patients with PS demonstrated significantly lower quality of life scores (EUROHIS-8, p<0.001) and higher cognitive impairment scores (Mig-SCOG, p<0.001) than those without PS, despite similar levels of migraine disability (MIDAS, p=0.050).
Conclusion
The high prevalence of PS in people with migraine and their association with greater cognitive impairment and reduced quality of life indicate that more targeted interventions are necessary in this subgroup. PS may be either a driver of cognitive and quality of life burden or just a marker of it, and disambiguating these possibilities will be a critical area for future research and clinical focus. More optimized and standardized prospective studies are needed to clarify the prevalence of PS.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Toward Precision Migraine Care: Genetics, Symptoms, and Big-Data-Driven Approaches
Soo-Jin Cho
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(3): 171. CrossRef
Interictal Burden of Migraine: A Narrative Review
Soo-Kyoung Kim, Todd J. Schwedt
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(3): 200. CrossRef

Review Article

Does Atogepant Offer a Safe and Efficacious Option for Episodic Migraine Prophylaxis? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Ahmed Mostafa Amin, Abdallah Abbas, Samar Ahmed Amer, Hoda Awad, Mahmoud Tarek Hefnawy, Anas Mansour, Mohamed El-Moslemani, Haneen Sabet, Aynur Ozge; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(1):21-37. Published online February 17, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0030

4,704 View
45 Download
3 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Migraine, a chronic neurological disorder, imposes a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of atogepant in preventing episodic migraine (EM) in adults. A systematic search was conducted in four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL) up to June 2024. The inclusion criteria targeted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing atogepant to placebo or standard care in patients with EM. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager (RevMan) software. Four RCTs with 2,018 patients receiving atogepant and 761 patients receiving placebo or standard care were included. Atogepant significantly reduced monthly migraine days compared to placebo at 10 mg daily (mean difference [MD], –1.16 days; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], –1.60 to –0.73), 30 mg daily (MD, –1.15 days; 95% CI, –1.64 to –0.66), 60 mg daily (MD, –1.48 days; 95% CI: –2.36 to –0.61 days), 30 mg twice daily (MD, –1.30 days; 95% CI, –2.17 to –0.43), and 60 mg twice daily (MD, –1.20 days; 95% CI, –1.90 to –0.50). A ≥50% reduction in migraine days was frequently significantly achieved with atogepant across all dosages. Atogepant was generally well tolerated, though it was associated with higher incidence rates of constipation and nausea compared to placebo. Atogepant is an effective and well-tolerated option for preventing EM, offering patients a noninvasive oral alternative to injectable therapies. Further research is warranted to explore its long-term safety and efficacy in diverse patient populations and refine its role in this field.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Tension-Type Headache and Primary Stabbing Headache: Primary Headaches Beyond Migraine
Mi-Kyoung Kang
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(2): 89. CrossRef
The role of Atogepant in migraine prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Naresh Kumar Ladhwani, Priya Bai, Rohan Lal, Aresha Masood Shah, Sheela Bai, Ghazi Uddin Ahmed, Rimsha Zameer, Varisha Fatima Shaikh, Arsalan Hyder, Sikander Ali, Muhammad Hamza Beg, Maheen Adeeb, Mahir Tesfaye
BMC Neurology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Gepants for Migraine: An Update on Long-Term Outcomes and Safety Profiles
Soohyun Cho, Kimoon Chang
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(3): 184. CrossRef

Original Articles

Evidence-Based Recommendations on Pharmacologic Treatment for Migraine Prevention: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the Korean Headache Society: Byung-Su Kim, Pil-Wook Chung, Jae Myun Chung, Kwang-Yeol Park, Heui-Soo Moon, Hong-Kyun Park, Dae-Woong Bae, Jong-Geun Seo, Jong-Hee Sohn, Tae-Jin Song, Seung-Han Lee, Kyungmi Oh, Mi Ji Lee, Myoung-Jin Cha, Yun-Ju Choi, Miyoung Choi; Headache Pain Res. 2025;26(1):5-20. Published online January 16, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0019

7,921 View
191 Download
8 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose: The aim of this clinical practice guideline (CPG) from the Korean Headache Society is to provide evidence-based recommendations on the pharmacologic treatment for migraine prevention in adult migraine patients.
Methods
The present CPG was developed based on the guideline adaptation methodology through a comprehensive systematic search for literature published between January 2012 and July 2020. The overall quality of the CPGs was assessed using the Korean version of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool. High-quality CPGs were adapted to make key recommendations in terms of strength (strong or weak) and direction (for or against).
Results
The authors selected nine available high-quality guidelines throughout the process of assessment of quality. Regarding oral migraine preventive medications, propranolol, metoprolol, flunarizine, sodium divalproex, and valproic acid are recommended to adult patients with episodic migraines based on high-quality evidence (“strong for”). Topiramate can be recommended for either episodic or chronic migraine (“strong for”). For migraine prevention using calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies, galcanezumab, fremanezumab, erenumab, and eptinezumab are recommended for adult patients with either episodic or chronic migraine on the basis of high-quality evidence (“strong for”). OnabotulinumtoxinA is recommended for adult patients with chronic migraine based on high-quality evidence (“strong for”). Last, frovatriptan, naratriptan, and zolmitriptan are recommended for short-term prevention in women with menstrual migraine (“strong for”).
Conclusion
In the present CPG, the authors provide specific, straightforward, and easy-to-implement evidence-based recommendations for pharmacologic migraine prevention. Nevertheless, these recommendations should be applied in real-world clinical practice based on optimal individualization.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

One-Year Compliance After Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Migraine Patients in a Real-World Setting: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Mi-kyoung Kang, Jong-Hee Sohn, Myoung-Jin Cha, Yoo Hwan Kim, Yooha Hong, Hee-Jin Im, Soo-Jin Cho
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(3): 734. CrossRef
Beyond the Pain: Rethinking Migraine Care with the RELIEF PLAN Approach
Sanghyo Ryu
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(1): 1. CrossRef
Concurrent Extracerebral Vasoconstriction in Patients with Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Byung-Su Kim, Sumin Kim, Eunhee Kim, Ick-Mo Chung, Sodam Jung, Yoonkyung Chang, Dong Woo Shin, Tae-Jin Song
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(13): 4402. CrossRef
Validity of Migraine Diagnoses in Korean National Health Insurance Claims Data
Yoonkyung Chang, Soyoun Choi, Byung-Su Kim, Tae-Jin Song
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(2): 154. CrossRef
Tension-Type Headache and Primary Stabbing Headache: Primary Headaches Beyond Migraine
Mi-Kyoung Kang
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(2): 89. CrossRef
Injection-Based Therapies for Migraine in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of OnabotulinumtoxinA, Greater Occipital Nerve Block, and Anti Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies
Mi-Kyoung Kang, Soohyun Cho, Byung-Kun Kim, Heui-Soo Moon, Mi Ji Lee, Soo-Kyoung Kim, Hong-Kyun Park, Min-Kyung Chu, Woo-Seok Ha, Byung-Su Kim, Soo-Jin Cho
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Use of Antiseizure Medications in Neurological Disorders Beyond Epilepsy
Kyung Min Kim, Byung-Su Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Seung Woo Kim, Kyoungwon Baik, Jin Myoung Seok, Jun-Sang Sunwoo, In-Uk Song, Ho Geol Woo, Eek-Sung Lee, Jin-Man Jung, Kyomin Choi, Yun Ho Choi, Kwang Ik Yang
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2025; 43(4): 245. CrossRef
A Practical Approach to Headache in Moyamoya Disease
Mi-Yeon  Eun, Jin-Man Jung, Jay Chol Choi
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(3): 173. CrossRef

Subjective Cognitive Decline Patterns in Patients with Migraine, with or without Depression, versus Non-depressed Older Adults: Sun Hwa Lee, Soo-Jin Cho; Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(2):103-110. Published online October 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0022

3,607 View
41 Download

Abstract PDF: Purpose: Cognitive decline is a common complaint in young patients with migraine, especially those with depression. Independent of psychiatric factors such as depression, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is associated with an elevated risk of progression to dementia. This study aimed to investigate patterns of subjective cognitive complaints between migraineurs with or without depression and non-depressed older adults.
Methods
This retrospective study included 331 outpatients with SCD (293 from a headache clinic and 38 from a memory clinic). SCD was diagnosed as “yes” based on two questions about SCD. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess cognitive function. The SCD Questionnaire (SCD-Q) with three subdomains was analyzed to compare SCD between groups.
Results
Among patients with SCD, significant differences in duration of education were found among the groups—specifically, migraineurs with depression (12.39 years) had longer education than non-depressed older adults (10.50 years) and shorter education than migraineurs without depression (14.28 years). The total MMSE and MoCA scores did not differ between migraineurs with and without depression. Regarding SCD-Q scores, migraineurs with depression showed higher scores overall and in all cognitive domains than migraineurs without depression, with no significant difference compared to non-depressed older adults.
Conclusion
Although the depressed migraineurs with SCD were younger and more educated than the non-depressed older adults with SCD, both groups reported similarly high levels of SCD. Higher levels of surveillance for cognitive decline are warranted for migraineurs with depression who have SCD.

Bilateral Greater Occipital Nerve Block for Preventing the OnabotulinumtoxinA Wear-off Phenomenon in the Treatment of Chronic Migraine: A Case Series of 12 Patients: Sanghyun Kim, Jae Young An, Dae Woong Bae; Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(2):111-116. Published online October 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0021

3,468 View
30 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose: OnabotulinumtoxinA is widely used to treat chronic migraines; however, the wear-off phenomenon before the next scheduled dose has emerged as a challenge. This study suggests a new strategy for preventing the wear-off phenomenon using bilateral greater occipital nerve block.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with chronic migraine who were treated with onabotulinumtoxinA and bilateral greater occipital nerve block at St. Vincent Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023. Twelve chronic migraine patients with a history of the wear-off phenomenon received a greater occipital nerve block 8 weeks after the initial onabotulinumtoxinA injection for two sessions. Responses to treatment were evaluated with regular follow-ups and daily headache diaries.
Results
All patients who had previously experienced the wear-off phenomenon with conventional onabotulinumtoxinA treatment did not experience the wear-off phenomenon during two sessions with an additional greater occipital nerve block administered 8 weeks after each onabolulinumtoxinA injection.
Conclusion
Bilateral greater occipital nerve block administered 8 weeks after the initial onabotulinumtoxinA injection effectively prevents the wear-off phenomenon, enabling sustained therapeutic benefits in chronic migraine patients. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger cohorts.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

When Should Headache Specialists Hold a Needle? The Role of Botulinum Toxin Injections and Occipital Nerve Blocks
Soo-Jin Cho
Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(2): 73. CrossRef

Review Articles

Understanding the Connection between the Glymphatic System and Migraine: A Systematic Review: Myoung-Jin Cha, Kyung Wook Kang, Jung-won Shin, Hosung Kim, Jiyoung Kim; Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(2):86-95. Published online July 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0014

6,448 View
131 Download

Abstract PDF: The glymphatic system is a brain-wide perivascular pathway that functions similarly to the lymphatic system in the periphery of the body, playing a crucial role in removing waste from the brain. Although impaired glymphatic function has a well-known relationship with neurodegenerative diseases through abnormal protein accumulation, it is also associated with migraine. While still in its nascent phase, research on the glymphatic system in migraine patients is gradually increasing. This systematic literature review focuses on studies investigating the glymphatic system in migraineurs. Furthermore, it examines the methods used to evaluate the glymphatic system in these studies and their main findings.

What a Neurologist Should Know about Functional Anatomy for Botulinum Toxin Injections in the Head, Face, and Neck: A Practical Perspective: So Ra Kim, Vittorio Favero, Alec Hyung Kim, SeongTaek Kim; Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(2):77-85. Published online July 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0005

6,782 View
135 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Since botulinum toxin (BoNT) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a prophylactic treatment for chronic migraines in 2010, subsequent studies have shown that BoNT is effective in the management of chronic migraines due to its pain-relieving effects. Therefore, neurologists are increasingly utilizing BoNT as a therapeutic tool for chronic migraine. It is crucial to thoroughly understand the functional anatomy in the head, face, and neck regions to successfully administer BoNT injections in these areas. This review describes the complexity of muscles and their associated target nerves in the frontal, temporal, and occipital areas and serves as a resource for essential functional anatomy, with the goal of providing clinicians with a practical perspective on utilizing BoNT injections.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

When Should Headache Specialists Hold a Needle? The Role of Botulinum Toxin Injections and Occipital Nerve Blocks
Soo-Jin Cho
Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(2): 73. CrossRef

Menstrual Migraine: A Review of Current Research and Clinical Challenges: Jong-Geun Seo; Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(1):16-23. Published online April 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0004

22,049 View
283 Download
6 Citations

Abstract PDF

The term “menstrual migraine” is commonly used to describe migraines that occur in association with menstruation, as distinct from other migraine types. A significant proportion of women of reproductive age experience migraine attacks related to their menstrual cycle. Menstrual migraine is characterized by migraine attacks occurring on day 1±2 (i.e., days −2 to +3) of menstruation in at least two out of three menstrual cycles. Although the reported prevalence of menstrual migraine varies considerably, population-based studies have found that menstrual migraine affects up to 60% of women with migraines. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the etiology of menstrual migraine, among which the estrogen withdrawal hypothesis is the most widely accepted. Women who experience menstrual migraines often face considerable disability due to perimenstrual attacks. Studies have reported that perimenstrual attacks are more severe and more difficult to manage. The principles of acute managing perimenstrual attacks are the same as those for managing nonmenstrual attacks. Short-term preventive therapy is needed to prevent menstrual migraines before they occur during the perimenstrual period. This review summarizes the prevalence, distinct clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management of menstrual migraine.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sex hormones and diseases of the nervous system
Hyman M. Schipper
Brain Medicine.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Evidence-Based Recommendations on Pharmacologic Treatment for Migraine Prevention: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the Korean Headache Society
Byung-Su Kim, Pil-Wook Chung, Jae Myun Chung, Kwang-Yeol Park, Heui-Soo Moon, Hong-Kyun Park, Dae-Woong Bae, Jong-Geun Seo, Jong-Hee Sohn, Tae-Jin Song, Seung-Han Lee, Kyungmi Oh, Mi Ji Lee, Myoung-Jin Cha, Yun-Ju Choi, Miyoung Choi
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(1): 5. CrossRef
Morning Headaches: An In-depth Review of Causes, Associated Disorders, and Management Strategies
Yooha Hong, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Min Seung Kim, Heejung Mo, Rebecca C. Cox, Hee-Jin Im
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(1): 66. CrossRef
Migraine in Women: Inescapable Femaleness?
Soo-Kyoung Kim
Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(1): 1. CrossRef
Three-month treatment outcome of medication-overuse headache according to classes of overused medications, use of acute medications, and preventive treatments
Sun-Young Oh, Jin-Ju Kang, Hong-Kyun Park, Soo-Jin Cho, Yooha Hong, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Heui-Soo Moon, Mi Ji Lee, Tae-Jin Song, Young Ju Suh, Min Kyung Chu
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Understanding the Connection between the Glymphatic System and Migraine: A Systematic Review
Myoung-Jin Cha, Kyung Wook Kang, Jung-won Shin, Hosung Kim, Jiyoung Kim
Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(2): 86. CrossRef

Application and Effectiveness of Dietary Therapies for Pediatric Migraine: Ji-Hoon Na; Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(1):34-41. Published online April 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0007

6,785 View
82 Download
6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Migraine is a representative type of primary headache and a common chronic neurological disease that accounts for a large proportion of headaches in children, adolescents, and adults. Unlike migraine in adulthood, pediatric migraine occurs when brain development is not yet complete. This characteristic may require a new perspective for the treatment and management of pediatric migraine. Dietary therapies, mainly the ketogenic diet and its variants, can have positive effects on pediatric migraine. Several recent studies have revealed that dietary therapies, such as the classic ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and low glycemic index diet, improve various neurological diseases by improving dysbiosis of microbiota, reducing proinflammatory cytokines, and increasing mitochondrial function. Nonetheless, the mechanism through which active dietary therapy affects pediatric migraine requires further research. To achieve this, an important role is played by the neuro-nutritional team, which can develop and manage tolerable diets for pediatric migraine patients through mutual collaboration among pediatric neurologists, nurses, and nutritionists.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Episodic Migraine in the Pediatric Population: Behavioral Therapies and other Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options
Parisa Gazerani
Current Pain and Headache Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Current Trends in Pediatric Migraine: Clinical Insights and Therapeutic Strategies
Adnan Khan, Sufang Liu, Feng Tao
Brain Sciences.2025; 15(3): 280. CrossRef
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of the Ketogenic Diet in Patients with Genetic Confirmation of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Ji-Hoon Na, Hyunjoo Lee, Young-Mock Lee
Nutrients.2025; 17(6): 979. CrossRef
Clinical profile and treatment outcomes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a multicenter study from Korea
Kyung-Hee Cho, Seol-Hee Baek, Sung-Hee Kim, Byung-Su Kim, Jong-Hee Sohn, Min Kyung Chu, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Hee Jung Mo, Sang-Hwa Lee, Hong-Kyun Park, Soohyun Cho, Sun-Young Oh, Jong-Geun Seo, Wonwoo Lee, Ju-Young Lee, Mi Ji Lee, Soo-Jin Cho
The Journal of Headache and Pain.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Nutritional Approaches to Managing Pediatric Migraine
Hye Eun Kwon
Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(2): 75. CrossRef
Reduction of neck pain severity in patients with medication-overuse headache
Yooha Hong, Hong-Kyun Park, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Sun-Young Oh, Jin-Ju Kang, Heui-Soo Moon, Tae-Jin Song, Mi Ji Lee, Min Kyung Chu, Soo-Jin Cho
The Journal of Headache and Pain.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Migraines in Women: A Focus on Reproductive Events and Hormonal Milestones: Seonghoon Kim, Jeong Wook Park; Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(1):3-15. Published online April 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0003

14,686 View
231 Download
10 Citations

Abstract PDF

Migraine, a prevalent neurological disorder, is more common in women than in men. This sex difference is more pronounced after menarche and diminishes after menopause. Migraines in women are influenced by the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and lactation, suggesting a connection to sex hormones, known as the estrogen withdrawal theory. Beyond endogenous hormonal changes accompanying reproductive events, exogenous hormonal factors such as contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy may also affect migraines. The hormonal influence cannot be explained simply by serum estrogen levels; instead, it involves a complex interplay of various factors. Here, we delineate aspects of migraines associated with endogenous and exogenous hormonal changes over the course of a woman’s life, exploring the mechanisms and contributing factors through which sex hormones influence migraines.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Framing and Management of Migraines in Women: An Expert Opinion on Challenges, Current Approaches, and Future Multidisciplinary Perspectives
Piero Barbanti, Rossella E. Nappi
Healthcare.2025; 13(2): 164. CrossRef
Morning Headaches: An In-depth Review of Causes, Associated Disorders, and Management Strategies
Yooha Hong, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Min Seung Kim, Heejung Mo, Rebecca C. Cox, Hee-Jin Im
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(1): 66. CrossRef
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibody Treatment in Nine Cases of Persistent Headache Following COVID-19-Infection
Soyoun Choi, Yooha Hong, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Tae-Jin Song, Soo-Jin Cho
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Validity of Migraine Diagnoses in Korean National Health Insurance Claims Data
Yoonkyung Chang, Soyoun Choi, Byung-Su Kim, Tae-Jin Song
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(2): 154. CrossRef
Trends in the Burden of Headache Disorders in Europe, 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Terry Jung, Yoonkyung Chang, Moon-Kyung Shin, Sohee Wang, Seyedehmahla Hosseini, Joonho Kim, Min Kyung Chu, Tae-Jin Song
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(19): 6966. CrossRef
Sex differences in migraine: bridging pathophysiology and clinical care in women
U. K. Egodage, M.S. Mohideen, S.P. Mohotti
Advances in Physiology Education.2025; 49(4): 1109. CrossRef
Migraine in Women: Inescapable Femaleness?
Soo-Kyoung Kim
Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(1): 1. CrossRef
Three-month treatment outcome of medication-overuse headache according to classes of overused medications, use of acute medications, and preventive treatments
Sun-Young Oh, Jin-Ju Kang, Hong-Kyun Park, Soo-Jin Cho, Yooha Hong, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Heui-Soo Moon, Mi Ji Lee, Tae-Jin Song, Young Ju Suh, Min Kyung Chu
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Subjective Cognitive Decline Patterns in Patients with Migraine, with or without Depression, versus Non-depressed Older Adults
Sun Hwa Lee, Soo-Jin Cho
Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(2): 103. CrossRef
Understanding the Connection between the Glymphatic System and Migraine: A Systematic Review
Myoung-Jin Cha, Kyung Wook Kang, Jung-won Shin, Hosung Kim, Jiyoung Kim
Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(2): 86. CrossRef

COVID-19 Infection-related Headache: A Narrative Review: Yoonkyung Chang, Tae-Jin Song; Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(1):24-33. Published online April 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0008

6,594 View
42 Download
5 Citations

Abstract PDF

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which caused a global pandemic and then became an endemic condition. COVID-19 infection may be associated with clinical manifestations such as respiratory symptoms and systemic diseases, including neurological disorders, notably headaches. Headaches are a common neurological symptom in individuals infected with COVID-19. Furthermore, with the transition to endemicity, COVID-19 infection-related headaches may reportedly persist in the acute phase of COVID-19 infection and in the long term after COVID-19 infection resolves. Persistent headaches after COVID-19 infection can be a significant concern for patients, potentially leading to disability. The present review discusses the clinical characteristics and potential underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 infection-related headaches.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Unclosing Clinical Criteria and the Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Persistent Post-COVID-19 Headaches: A Pilot Case-Control Study from Egypt
Ahmed Abualhasan, Shereen Fathi, Hala Gabr, Abeer Mahmoud, Diana Khedr
Clinical and Translational Neuroscience.2025; 9(1): 5. CrossRef
Exploring Secondary Headaches: Insights from Glaucoma and COVID-19 Infection
Soo-Kyoung Kim
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(1): 3. CrossRef
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibody Treatment in Nine Cases of Persistent Headache Following COVID-19-Infection
Soyoun Choi, Yooha Hong, Mi-Kyoung Kang, Tae-Jin Song, Soo-Jin Cho
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Prospective Multicenter Study on the Evaluation of Frequency of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Korea
Byung-Su Kim, Soo-Jin Cho, Kyung-Hee Cho, Seol-Hee Baek, Jong-Hee Sohn, Tae-Jin Song, Wonwoo Lee, Hong-Kyun Park, Soohyun Cho, Junhee Han, Soolienah Rhiu, Myoung-Jin Cha, Mi Ji Lee, Min Kyung Chu
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Global, regional, and national burden of headache disorders, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: A Global Burden of Disease study 2021
Tissa Wijeratne, Jiyeon Oh, Soeun Kim, Yesol Yim, Min Seo Kim, Jae Il Shin, Yun-Seo Oh, Raon Jung, Yun Seo Kim, Lee Smith, Hasan Aalruz, Rami Abd-Rabu, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Meysam Abolmaali, Dariush Abtahi, Ahmed Abualhasan, Rufus A
Cell Reports Medicine.2025; 6(10): 102348. CrossRef

Original Article

Associations of Migraine and Tension-type Headache with Glaucoma: Jong-Ho Kim, Young-Suk Kwon, Sang-Hwa Lee, Jong-Hee Sohn; Headache Pain Res. 2024;25(1):54-62. Published online March 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.62087/hpr.2024.0002

4,190 View
61 Download
4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose: It remains unclear whether primary headaches, particularly migraine, are associated with glaucoma. We investigated potential associations between primary headaches, including migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), and primary glaucoma, including open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and closed-angle glaucoma (CAG).
Methods
We used data from the Clinical Data Warehouse collected between 2008 and 2023 to investigate whether migraine and TTH influence the risk of primary glaucoma. We compared the prevalence of primary glaucoma, including OAG, CAG, other glaucoma, and total glaucoma (TG), among patients with migraine, those with TTH, and controls.
Results
This study analyzed 46,904 patients with migraine, 48,116 patients with TTH, and 455,172 controls. Controls were selected based on propensity score matching (PSM). After adjustment for covariates and PSM, the fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for patients with migraine were 1.83 for OAG (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.33–2.51; p<0.004) and 1.55 for TG (95% CI, 1.26–1.91; p<0.004) compared to controls. Furthermore, in patients with TTH, the ORs for CAG were 2.20 (95% CI, 1.40–3.47; p<0.004) compared to controls. Additionally, patients with migraine had fully adjusted ORs of 1.71 for OAG (95% CI, 1.24–2.36; p<0.004) and 1.41 for TG (95% CI, 1.15–1.73; p<0.004) compared to those with TTH.
Conclusion
Migraine is associated with primary glaucoma, particularly OAG.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Exploring Secondary Headaches: Insights from Glaucoma and COVID-19 Infection
Soo-Kyoung Kim
Headache and Pain Research.2025; 26(1): 3. CrossRef
Association between migraine and primary open-angle glaucoma: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Dima L Chaar, Aliya Yakubova, Chen Jiang, Thomas J Hoffmann, Alice Pressman, Denis Plotnikov, Hélène Choquet
Cephalalgia Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The association between migraine and glaucoma diseases: A retrospective cohort study
Matan Bar, Ido Peles, Gal Ifergane, Erez Tsumi, Assaf Kratz
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Subjective Cognitive Decline Patterns in Patients with Migraine, with or without Depression, versus Non-depressed Older Adults
Sun Hwa Lee, Soo-Jin Cho
Headache and Pain Research.2024; 25(2): 103. CrossRef

Review Articles

New Targeted Drugs for Acute Treatment of Migraine: Heui-Soo Moon, Pil-Wook Chung, Byung-Kun Kim; Korean J Headache. 2023;24(2):56-65. Published online December 31, 2023

844 View
23 Download

Abstract PDF: Acute migraine treatments primarily aim to relieve headache pain and address accompanying symptoms such as photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea. Triptans have traditionally been the first-line treatment for moderate to severe migraine attacks. Nevertheless, they have several limitations, such as causing temporary vasoconstriction of blood vessels, contraindications in patients with cardiovascular issues, and distinctive side effects like chest tightness. Medication overuse is another concern with triptans, prompting research into new antimigraine drugs targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or 5-HT_1F receptors. Lasmiditan, an agonist at the 5-HT_1F receptor, has emerged as a safe and effective option for abortive treatment in acute migraine attacks. It lacks the vasoconstrictive effects associated with triptans, making it a safer choice for individuals with contraindications to triptans. However, it may lead to central nervous system-related adverse effects, particularly dizziness and paresthesia. Gepants, which are CGRP antagonists, offer an innovative approach by targeting CGRP receptors which is believed to be central in migraine pathophysiology. These medications have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating migraine symptoms, providing alternatives to traditional treatments like triptans and ergots. Ubrogepant and rimegepant are the first approved oral gepants for acute migraine treatment, while Zavegepant is the first approved intranasal gepant. The most common treatment-related adverse events are gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea. No vascular or hepatic concerns have emerged to date. In this review, we delve into the development of ditans and gepants for acute migraine treatment in adults and discuss their potential advantages and disadvantages in clinical use.

Migraine and Stroke: Myoung-Jin Cha, Ha Yeun Oh, Jiyoung Kim; Korean J Headache. 2023;24(2):50-55. Published online December 31, 2023

641 View
20 Download

Abstract PDF: The relationship between migraine and stroke is intricate and bidirectional. Migraine, a neurological disorder characterized by severe headaches and associated symptoms, exhibits some similarities in presentation with stroke. Conversely, stroke can at times mimic migraine symptoms. Migrainous infarction is directly associated with stroke. Specifically, migraine with aura has been linked to an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Migraine with aura and the frequency of headaches are considered risk factors for stroke. Moreover, migraine is associated with subclinical infarct-like brain lesions and white matter changes. Additionally, some genetic disorders predispose individuals to develop both migraine and stroke. In this review, we aim to investigate the relationship between migraine and stroke.

Reiview Articles

Sleep Disorders in Headache Patients: Hye Jeong Lee, Hee-Jin Im, Soo-Jin Cho, Min Kyung Chu; Korean J Headache. 2023;24(1):1-10. Published online June 30, 2023

793 View
37 Download

Abstract PDF: Headache disorders and sleep problems are common conditions with a high prevalence in the general population, and impose a considerable socio-economic burden. They show a close association with headache disorders through various relationship. The prevalence of sleep problems is elevated in individuals with headache, especially for migraine. In most headache disorders, sleep problems are accompanied by the deterioration of clinical characteristics of headache disorders. The sharing brain structures and neurotransmitters involved in the pathogenesis of headache disorders and sleep disorders may be an explanation for the close relationship between two disorders. In this article, we briefly review the relationship of headache disorders with sleep disorders including insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, parasomnias, and sleep related movement disorders.

Zavegepant: Intranasal Drug for Acute Migraine Treatment: Jong-Geun Seo; Korean J Headache. 2023;24(1):17-19. Published online June 30, 2023

446 View
9 Download

Abstract PDF: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is probably the most potent vasodilator in cerebral circulation. The new CGRP-targeted therapy for the treatment of acute treatment are now available for clinical practice. This review article summarized efficacy and safety of zavegepant, which is the first intranasal small molecule CGRP receptor antagonist for acute migraine treatment.

Case Report

First Report of a Korean Family with Familial Hemiplegic Migraine: Keun Lee, Seungyon Koh, Joo-Yeon Lee, Tae-Joon Kim; Korean J Headache. 2023;24(1):24-27. Published online June 30, 2023

661 View
19 Download

Abstract PDF: We report a case of a Korean family with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) carrying a heterozygous c.901G>A (p.G301R) mutation in the ATP1A2 gene. FHM is a subtype of migraine with a family history characterized by reversible hemiparesis and cortical symptoms that can last for hours to days. In Korea, there was only one case of sporadic hemiplegic migraine with ATP1A2 mutation, and no FHM2 family case was reported. The G301R mutation in ATP1A2 is a known pathogenic variant, previously reported in two Italian families. Our patient experienced repeated hemiplegic migraine with prolonged aura attacks with altered states of consciousness, and a clear pattern of autosomal dominance was observed in the family history. The patient, like typical FHM, has fully recovered within days. We report the first case of FHM2 Korean families with this mutation and highlight the importance of genetic testing for individuals with hemiplegic migraine.

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search